A Study on Web Accessibility in Public and Foundation Universities in Turkiye

Abstract

The rapid development following the emergence of web technologies has facilitated users' access to information. The design processes of web platforms are of great importance to ensure that all users can access these platforms. Within this process, it can be said that the use of web accessibility in the field of web technologies has become a key element. In this context, the need has arisen for individuals with various disadvantages and general users to access digital platforms on equal terms. Web accessibility is not limited to the implementation of technical criteria; it is also associated with users’ ability to perceive and interpret focal points through the fundamental principles of visual and cognitive psychology. In this regard, the transition of web accessibility from technical standards to the process of visual perception and interpretation offers a significant perspective through Gestalt Psychology and theory. The visual perception principles of Gestalt Psychology and theory, which are increasingly utilized in design processes, are widely used in interface designs of digital platforms and in the design of accessible websites. Web platforms prepared in accordance with Gestalt principles and WCAG 2.1 web accessibility criteria are of critical importance in being equal, accessible, and barrier-free for all users. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the websites of universities in terms of web accessibility criteria and to determine the extent to which they comply with these criteria. The study provides information on the use of Gestalt principles and web accessibility criteria in web interface design, the importance of web accessibility, and fundamental issues related to the web. In the study, based on the Webometrics Index ranking, the websites of the foundation universities ranked among the top three and the state universities ranked among the bottom three in Türkiye were examined within the scope of 30 basic web accessibility criteria of WCAG 2.1 Level A. In this context, the web accessibility status of the universities was revealed, deficiencies were identified, and necessary recommendations were provided.